Hábitos alimentarios y riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en población universitaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/s81tw145Palabras clave:
hábitos alimentarios, obesidad, sobrepeso, estudiantes universitarios, índice de masa corporal, nutrición.Resumen
Introducción: La obesidad constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a su asociación con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Durante la etapa universitaria, los cambios en el estilo de vida, la autonomía alimentaria, las exigencias académicas y la disminución de la actividad física favorecen la adopción de hábitos alimentarios poco saludables, lo que incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar sobrepeso y obesidad.Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados en el aumento de la obesidad en estudiantes universitarios mediante la evaluación del estado nutricional, el consumo de alimentos y la práctica de actividad física.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal en 46 estudiantes universitarios. La información se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario estructurado sobre hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida, complementado con la evaluación antropométrica para determinar el índice de masa corporal (IMC). El análisis estadístico incluyó estadística descriptiva y pruebas inferenciales (t de Student, ANOVA y Chi-cuadrado), considerando un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05.Resultados: La población estuvo conformada principalmente por mujeres (69,6 %). El 63,0 % presentó un IMC normal, mientras que el 28,3 % presentó sobrepeso y el 6,5 % obesidad, evidenciando que el 34,8 % de los participantes tenía exceso de peso. Además, el 67,4 % manifestó consumir comida rápida de forma ocasional, el 43,5 % consumía bebidas azucaradas ocasionalmente y el 23,9 % indicó no realizar actividad física. Las pruebas estadísticas no evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre el IMC y el sexo, ni entre el IMC y la frecuencia de actividad física (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: Los hábitos alimentarios inadecuados, caracterizados por el consumo frecuente de alimentos ultraprocesados y bebidas azucaradas, junto con niveles insuficientes de actividad física, constituyen factores que favorecen el desarrollo del exceso de peso en la población universitaria. Aunque las asociaciones estadísticas no fueron significativas, los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de fortalecer programas institucionales de educación nutricional, promoción de estilos de vida saludables y prevención de la obesidad en estudiantes universitarios.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Cecilia Katherine Herrera Aguirre, Silvia Rosa Pacheco Mendoza, Dereck Ronny Jiménez Veliz, María Eduarda Vera Muñoz (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
