Resultados comunitarios del aprendizaje-servicio en la formación médica: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/mcjee175Palabras clave:
aprendizaje-servicio, educación médica, resultados comunitarios, reciprocidad, participación comunitaria, responsabilidad socialResumen
El aprendizaje-servicio constituye una estrategia formativa que integra objetivos curriculares, servicio a la comunidad, reflexión y reciprocidad. Aunque la literatura en educación médica ha documentado ampliamente resultados centrados en los estudiantes, existe menor sistematización de los efectos producidos en las comunidades y organizaciones participantes. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia científica sobre los resultados comunitarios derivados del aprendizaje-servicio en la formación médica, identificando los tipos de resultados reportados, sus formas de evaluación y los principales vacíos de evidencia. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, con síntesis narrativa y temática de 35 estudios primarios. Los hallazgos se agruparon en seis categorías: reciprocidad y alianzas, beneficios y cargas comunitarias, acceso y prestación de servicios, necesidades sociales y equidad, educación y promoción de la salud, y sostenibilidad. Predominaron las evaluaciones perceptuales y de corto plazo, con limitada medición objetiva y seguimiento longitudinal. Se concluye que el aprendizaje-servicio genera resultados comunitarios diversos, aunque persisten debilidades en su evaluación, sostenibilidad y reciprocidad.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Karen Gabriela Sánchez San Andrés, Judith Galarza López, Pedro René Muñoz García (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
