Applications of AI in neurology and neurosurgery: opportunities, challenges and future prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/34njk124Keywords:
artificial intelligence, neurology, neurosurgery, machine learning, deep learning, neuroimaging, systematic review.Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an innovative tool in modern medicine, particularly in neurology and neurosurgery, where the analysis of large volumes of clinical and neuroimaging data enhances the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of multiple neurological disorders.
Objective: To analyze the main applications of artificial intelligence in neurology and neurosurgery, as well as its clinical benefits, ethical limitations, and future perspectives within contemporary neurosciences.
Methods: A structured narrative review following PRISMA-based reporting principles was conducted. Scientific articles were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Studies published between 2021 and 2026 related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, neuroimaging, and neurosurgery were included. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were selected for qualitative analysis and thematic synthesis
Results: The reviewed evidence shows that artificial intelligence significantly improves diagnostic accuracy in neurological diseases, enhances neuroimaging analysis, supports neurosurgical planning, and enables prediction of postoperative complications. Its application in conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, brain tumors, and movement disorders has demonstrated relevant clinical benefits. However, limitations remain, including algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and lack of model interpretability.
Conclusion: Artificial intelligence represents a powerful complementary tool in neurology and neurosurgery with the potential to transform clinical practice. Nevertheless, its implementation must be guided by clinical supervision and strong ethical frameworks to ensure safe and responsible use.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jimmy Fernando Yaguana Torres, Jorge Anoceto Millán, Víctor José Barrera Avendaño, George William Rodríguez Correa, Dana Milena Mosquera Calderón (Autor/a)
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