Dieta baja en FODMAP en niños con síndrome de intestino irritable y dolor abdominal funcional: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/4hqtc156Keywords:
Dieta FODMAP; Síndrome del Colon Irritable; Dolor Abdominal; Niño; Adolescente.Abstract
Los trastornos de dolor abdominal relacionados con la interacción intestino-cerebro afectan la calidad de vida y el bienestar familiar, mientras que la dieta baja en FODMAP se ha propuesto para disminuir la carga osmótica y fermentativa intestinal. El objetivo fue comparar su efectividad frente a la dieta habitual o las recomendaciones dietéticas estándar para reducir el dolor abdominal y mejorar los síntomas gastrointestinales en niños y adolescentes con síndrome de intestino irritable o dolor abdominal funcional. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020 y PRISMA-S, mediante búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO, se incluyeron diez estudios entre 2020 y 2026, cuatro comparativos y seis observacionales, se efectuó una síntesis narrativa y el riesgo de sesgo se valoró según cada diseño. Los estudios comparativos mostraron resultados heterogéneos, dos comunicaron mayores reducciones del dolor y los síntomas gastrointestinales, junto con una mejoría superior de la calidad de vida, mientras que otros dos no confirmaron diferencias en la proporción de respondedores frente a dieta habitual o recomendaciones NICE. Los estudios observacionales registraron mejorías variables, con respuestas más favorables bajo acompañamiento nutricional y menores tasas de éxito en aplicaciones no guiadas, además se identificaron dificultades de adherencia, costos, pérdidas de seguimiento y notificación insuficiente de eventos adversos. En conclusión, la dieta baja en FODMAP puede beneficiar a pacientes pediátricos seleccionados, especialmente con síndrome de intestino irritable, aunque no demostró superioridad uniforme, por consiguiente, debe aplicarse como una prueba breve, supervisada y seguida de reintroducción y personalización.
Downloads
References
Altınok, E. İ., Ömür Ecevit, Ç., Akişin, Z., Ata Teneler, A., & Bağ, Ö. (2021). The Effects of Low FODMAP Diet on the Quality of Life and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Pilot Study. Journal of Dr. Behcet Uz Children s Hospital. https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2021.64325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2021.64325
Bardacke, J. A., Yarrow, L., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2023). The Long-Term Effects of a Low–Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Management. Current Developments in Nutrition, 7(10), 101997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101997 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101997
Black, C. J., Staudacher, H. M., & Ford, A. C. (2022). Efficacy of a low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gut, 71(6), 1117–1126. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325214
Bogdanowska-Charkiewicz, D., Malinowska, U., & Daniluk, J. (2026). An umbrella review of meta-analyses on the low-FODMAP diet in IBS. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1714281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1714281
Boradyn, K. M., Przybyłowicz, K. E., & Jarocka-Cyrta, E. (2020). Low FODMAP Diet Is Not Effective in Children with Functional Abdominal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 76(5), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510795 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000510795
Chakraborty, P. S., Daniel, R., & Navarro, F. A. (2023). Non-pharmacologic approaches to treatment of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1118874 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1118874
Doğan, G., Yavuz, S., Aslantas, H., Cengiz Ozyurt, B., & Kasirga, E. (2020). Is Low FODMAP Diet Effective in Children with Irritable Bowel Disease? Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 7(5), 433–437. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2020.40326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2020.40326
El Ezaby, S. A., Manzour, A. F., Eldeeb, M., El Gendy, Y. G., & Abdel Hamid, D. M. (2024). Effect of the Low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Diet on Control of Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Quality of Life Among a Sample of Egyptian Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61017
El Gendy, Y. G. A., Abdel Wahed, M. A., Ragab, M. H. H., & Awad, Y. M. M. (2022). Effects of a Low-Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyol Diet on Symptoms of Functional Abdominal Pain in Pediatric Patients. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, 25(6), 510. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2022.25.6.510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2022.25.6.510
Groen, J., Gordon, M., Chogle, A., Benninga, M., Borlack, R., Borrelli, O., Darbari, A., Dolinsek, J., Khlevner, J., Di Lorenzo, C., Person, H., Sanghavi, R., Snyder, J., Thapar, N., Vlieger, A., Sinopoulou, V., Tabbers, M., & Saps, M. (2025). ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain‐not otherwise specified in children aged 4–18 years. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 81(2), 442–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70070
Haghbin, H., Hasan, F., Gangwani, M. K., Zakirkhodjaev, N., Lee-Smith, W., Beran, A., Kamal, F., Hart, B., & Aziz, M. (2024). Efficacy of Dietary Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(24), 7531. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247531
Jent, S., Bez, N. S., Haddad, J., Catalano, L., Egger, K. S., Raia, M., Tedde, G. S., & Rogler, G. (2024). The efficacy and real-world effectiveness of a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition, 43(6), 1551–1562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.014
Kasti, A. N., Katsas, K., Pavlidis, D. E., Stylianakis, E., Petsis, K. I., Lambrinou, S., Nikolaki, M. D., Papanikolaou, I. S., Hatziagelaki, E., Papadimitriou, K., Kapolos, J., Muir, J. G., & Triantafyllou, K. (2025). Clinical Trial: A Mediterranean Low-FODMAP Diet Alleviates Symptoms of Non-Constipation IBS—Randomized Controlled Study and Volatomics Analysis. Nutrients, 17(9), 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091545
Katsagoni, C. N., Karagianni, V.-M., & Papadopoulou, A. (2023). Efficacy of Different Dietary Patterns in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. Nutrients, 15(12), 2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122708
Morariu, I.-D., Avasilcai, L., Vieriu, M., Lupu, V. V., Morariu, B.-A., Lupu, A., Morariu, P.-C., Pop, O.-L., Starcea, I. M., & Trandafir, L. (2023). Effects of a Low-FODMAP Diet on Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Both Children and Adults—A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 15(10), 2295. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102295
Narayana, V., McMeans, A. R., Levy, R. L., Shulman, R. J., & Chumpitazi, B. P. (2022). Children with functional abdominal pain disorders successfully decrease FODMAP food intake on a low FODMAP diet with modest improvements in nutritional intake and diet quality. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 34(10). https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14392 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14392
O’Brien, L., Kasti, A., Halmos, E. P., Tuck, C., & Varney, J. (2024). Evolution, adaptation, and new applications of the FODMAP diet. JGH Open, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.13066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.13066
Raja, S., Teitelbaum, J. E., Pereira, K., Guli, K., & Schosheim, A. (2025). Efficacy of low FODMAP diet in pediatric patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction. JPGN Reports, 6(2), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpr3.12157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpr3.12157
Rexwinkel, R., Vermeijden, N. K., Zeevenhooven, J., Kelder, J., Groeneweg, M., Hummel, T., Goede, J., van Wering, H., Stapelbroek, J., Benninga, M., & Vlieger, A. (2025). The low FODMAP diet in adolescents functional abdominal in a non-guided setting: a prospective multicenter cohort study. European Journal of Pediatrics, 184(2), 189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-05999-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-05999-9
Rexwinkel, R., Vlieger, A. M., Saps, M., Tabbers, M. M., & Benninga, M. A. (2022). A therapeutic guide on pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified. European Journal of Pediatrics, 181(7), 2603–2617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04459-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04459-y
Rhys-Jones, D., Varney, J. E., Muir, J. G., Gibson, P. R., & Halmos, E. P. (2022). Application of The FODMAP Diet in a Paediatric Setting. Nutrients, 14(20), 4369. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204369
Singh, P., Dean, G., Iram, S., Peng, W., Chey, S. W., Rifkin, S., Lothen‐Kline, C., Muir, J., Lee, A. A., Eswaran, S., & Chey, W. D. (2025). Efficacy of Mediterranean Diet vs. Low‐FODMAP Diet in Patients With Nonconstipated Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 37(10). https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.70060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.70060
So, D., Loughman, A., & Staudacher, H. M. (2022). Effects of a low FODMAP diet on the colonic microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116(4), 943–952. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac176
Stróżyk, A., Horvath, A., Kozłowska-Jalowska, A., Muir, J., & Szajewska, H. (2026). Efficacy of a low-FODMAP diet in children with irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain–not otherwise specified: a randomized controlled trial with early termination. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1809053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1809053
Tenenbaum, R. B., Czyzewski, D., McMeans, A., Narayana, V., Chumpitazi, B. P., Levy, R. L., Shulman, R. J., Musaad, S., Mirabile, Y. Z., & Self, M. (2024). Factors Associated With Adherence to a Low Fermentable Carbohydrate Diet in Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 124(6), 757–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.001
Thomassen, R. A., Luque, V., Assa, A., Borrelli, O., Broekaert, I., Dolinsek, J., Martin‐de‐Carpi, J., Mas, E., Miele, E., Norsa, L., Ribes‐Koninckx, C., Saccomani, M. D., Thomson, M., Tzivinikos, C., Verduci, E., Bronsky, J., Haiden, N., Köglmeier, J., de Koning, B., & Benninga, M. A. (2022). An ESPGHAN Position Paper on the Use of Low‐FODMAP Diet in Pediatric Gastroenterology. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 75(3), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003526
van Lanen, A.-S., de Bree, A., & Greyling, A. (2021). Efficacy of a low-FODMAP diet in adult irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02473-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02473-0
Vandenplas, Y., Darma, A., Indrio, F., Aw, M., Vieira, M. C., Vivatvakin, B., Treepongkaruna, S., Cruchet, S., Acharyya, B. C., Vázquez, R., Yeung, C. Y., & Gutiérrez, P. (2025). Understanding functional abdominal pain disorders among children: a multidisciplinary expert consensus statement. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1576698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1576698
Wang, J., Yang, P., Zhang, L., & Hou, X. (2021). A Low-FODMAP Diet Improves the Global Symptoms and Bowel Habits of Adult IBS Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.683191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.683191
Whelan, K., Ford, A. C., Burton-Murray, H., & Staudacher, H. M. (2024). Dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome: considerations, challenges, and solutions. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9(12), 1147–1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00238-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00238-3
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Karen Nicole Zabala Carvajal, Jhosua Israel Novillo Carguaytongo, María de los Ángeles Villegas Ortiz, Carlos Alejandro Villamarín Aguirre, Ana Gabriela Chávez Lozada, Jorge Luis Freire Palacios (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
