Restricción del flujo sanguíneo en el entrenamiento de fuerza para la osteoartritis de rodilla: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/e0z6jq57Palabras clave:
Osteoartritis de la Rodilla; Terapia de Restricción del Flujo Sanguíneo; Entrenamiento de Fuerza; Fuerza Muscular; Terapia por Ejercicio.Resumen
La osteoartritis de rodilla produce dolor, debilidad muscular y limitación funcional, mientras que las cargas elevadas necesarias para estimular fuerza e hipertrofia pueden resultar poco tolerables, en virtud de ello el entrenamiento de baja carga con restricción del flujo sanguíneo se plantea como una alternativa de menor demanda mecánica, se planteó como objetivo comparar su efectividad y seguridad frente al entrenamiento convencional de alta carga en adultos con osteoartritis de rodilla. Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020 y PRISMA-S, mediante búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Google Académico, se incluyeron diez ensayos clínicos aleatorizados entre 2021 y julio de 2026, la evidencia se organizó según comparadores primarios y complementarios, se efectuó síntesis narrativa y el riesgo de sesgo se valoró mediante RoB 2 y Jadad. La baja carga con restricción produjo ganancias de fuerza comparables o superiores a las cargas altas en varios ensayos, junto con reducciones del dolor y mejorías funcionales no uniformes, frente a baja carga, ejercicio neuromuscular y otros comparadores también se observaron beneficios, la tolerabilidad fue generalmente favorable y los abandonos por dolor se concentraron en algunos grupos de alta carga, aunque se documentó una trombosis venosa profunda con restricción, ningún estudio alcanzó riesgo global bajo y dos presentaron alto riesgo. En definitiva, la intervención constituye una alternativa prometedora para pacientes con tolerancia limitada a cargas elevadas, aunque no demuestra superioridad general ni seguridad universal, por consiguiente, requiere individualización de la presión, cribado vascular, supervisión y ensayos multicéntricos con seguimiento prolongado.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Miriam Carolina Moreira Andrade (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
