Massive rhabdomyolysis and renal failure due to compression in bilateral deep vein thrombosis, associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and catatonia: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/zkcq5w83Keywords:
rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, catatonia, compartment syndrome, muscle compressionAbstract
Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle cells and the release of their intracellular contents into the bloodstream, with the subsequent risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Compression rhabdomyolysis secondary to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a rare but potentially lethal complication. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and catatonia are conditions that can predispose to rhabdomyolysis through mechanisms of dehydration, acidosis, and prolonged immobility. Objective: To synthesize the available evidence on massive rhabdomyolysis and renal failure due to compression in DVT, associated with DKA and catatonia. Methodology: Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (Page et al., 2021). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and Cochrane for studies published between 1980 and 2025. Results: Six relevant studies were identified. Compression rhabdomyolysis in DVT occurs when massive venous obstruction elevates capillary hydrostatic pressure, causing interstitial edema and compartment syndrome. DKA can trigger rhabdomyolysis through severe dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte disturbances. Catatonia, especially the retarded form, can cause prolonged immobility with muscle compression, leading to severe rhabdomyolysis and AKI. Conclusion: The triad of massive rhabdomyolysis, DVT, and AKI represents a catastrophic cascade requiring early recognition. DKA and catatonia are predisposing factors that must be identified and treated promptly to prevent irreversible renal complications.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Makarena Terán Robayo, Lissette Esildys Caicedo-Martínez, Cristhian Joel Pinos Chango, Jhoselyn Dayana Logroño Aguirre, Mercy Alejandra Lopez Torres (Autor/a)
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