Persistencia conjunta de la respuesta celular y humoral específica frente al SARS-CoV-2 después de infección o vacunación: revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.70577/xcxe0m70Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2; inmunidad celular; anticuerpos; células T; vacunación; revisión sistemática.Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 y la vacunación producen respuestas celulares y humorales cuya evolución no puede establecerse mediante la medición aislada de anticuerpos. En consideración de ello, el objetivo fue analizar la persistencia de ambos componentes en investigaciones longitudinales. Materiales y métodos. La revisión sistemática comprendió publicaciones de septiembre de 2021 a septiembre de 2026 identificadas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science Core Collection. La selección de los estudios, la extracción de los datos y la valoración metodológica se conservaron en matrices de trabajo, mientras que los resultados se integraron mediante síntesis narrativa. Resultados. La búsqueda permitió identificar 1.703 registros, de los cuales 863 correspondieron a duplicados y 840 continuaron al cribado; posteriormente, 791 fueron excluidos por título y resumen. Se recuperaron y evaluaron 49 informes completos, y 32 publicaciones correspondientes a 29 investigaciones únicas conformaron la revisión. En varias cohortes disminuyeron los anticuerpos mientras continuaban detectándose células T específicas, aunque los refuerzos y las infecciones intercurrentes modificaron ambas respuestas. Su magnitud y duración también variaron según la población, el antígeno, la variante y el método de laboratorio. Conclusiones. La persistencia celular y humoral requiere una interpretación conjunta que considere las exposiciones y el número de participantes efectivamente evaluados. Cabe resaltar que las diferencias metodológicas, el uso de submuestras celulares y las limitaciones del cribado no permiten establecer un umbral general de protección clínica; además, 480 exclusiones por título y resumen carecieron de un motivo individual documentado.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Evelyn Germania Ramos Gavilánez (Autor/a)
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