Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos en enfermería: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/bh8jcd63Palabras clave:
Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos, Enfermería, Educación en Enfermería, Competencia Clínica, Desastres, RevisiónResumen
Los primeros auxilios psicológicos (PAP) constituyen una intervención inicial de apoyo psicosocial; su adopción por el personal de enfermería se estudió de manera fragmentada. El objetivo consistió en mapear la evidencia científica sobre la formación, las competencias, las intervenciones y las experiencias del personal de enfermería en relación con los PAP, publicada entre 2021 y 2026 en español, portugués e inglés. Se realizó una revisión de alcance según la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute y la extensión PRISMA-ScR, con base en el marco Población-Concepto-Contexto. La búsqueda se ejecutó en ocho bases de datos. La selección se llevó a cabo en dos fases mediante Rayyan, con evaluación independiente por pares. De 415 registros, 20 estudios primarios cumplieron los criterios. La producción se concentró en Türkiye con 5 estudios (25,0%), China con 2 (10,0%) y Corea del Sur con 2 (10,0%); el 70,0% se publicó entre 2024 y 2026. El 65,0% describió o evaluó un programa de formación, con predominio de la autoeficacia percibida (55,0%). El 70,0% se situó en contextos de desastre, pandemia o conflicto armado, y el 80,0% reportó mejoras significativas. La evidencia respaldó el valor formativo de los PAP, aunque su implementación institucional continuó parcial y la base presentó brechas geográficas, metodológicas y de seguimiento a largo plazo. Por consiguiente, resulta necesario priorizar diseños longitudinales y multicéntricos, así como adaptar instrumentos validados a contextos culturales diversos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Leslye Maryelena Guanuchi Morocho, Carla Cristina Calderón Cabezas (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
