Neuro-ophthalmology in clinical practice: warning signs for the diagnosis of neurological diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/ckvdra47Keywords:
neuro-ophthalmology, warning signs, optic neuritis, papilledema, neurological diseases, early diagnosis.Abstract
Neuro-ophthalmology plays a crucial role in the early recognition of neurological disorders, as many central and peripheral nervous system diseases may initially present with visual disturbances or specific ocular signs. The aim of this narrative literature review was to analyze the available scientific evidence regarding the main neuro-ophthalmologic warning signs and their usefulness for the timely diagnosis of neurological diseases. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in indexed databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and SciELO, focusing primarily on studies published between 2020 and 2025. The findings indicate that papilledema, acute visual loss, optic neuritis, binocular diplopia, pupillary abnormalities, and visual field defects represent clinically relevant manifestations with significant diagnostic value. Furthermore, conditions such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, giant cell arteritis, and several cerebrovascular diseases can be detected at early stages through appropriate neuro-ophthalmologic assessment. The review concludes that timely recognition of neuro-ophthalmologic warning signs, combined with modern diagnostic tools, facilitates early intervention, improves clinical outcomes, and contributes to reducing both visual and neurological sequelae in affected patients.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jimmy Fernando Yaguana Torres, Jorge Abel Anoceto Díaz, Elis Arturo Vera Quinto, Luis Alejandro Pita Meneses, Jorge Armando Rosero Feijoo (Autor/a)
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