Cirugía mínimamente invasiva para la hernia discal lumbar: revisión narrativa de las innovaciones tecnológicas y la evidencia clínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/t9tcff07Palabras clave:
Hernia discal lumbar; cirugía mínimamente invasiva; discectomía endoscópica; microdiscectomía tubular; endoscopia biportal.Resumen
La hernia discal lumbar constituye una causa frecuente de dolor radicular, discapacidad funcional y necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico cuando fracasa el manejo conservador. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue analizar las innovaciones tecnológicas aplicadas al tratamiento de la hernia discal lumbar, con énfasis en las técnicas mínimamente invasivas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar, priorizando estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2025. Los resultados evidenciaron que la discectomía endoscópica percutánea, la microdiscectomía tubular, la microdiscectomía endoscópica y la endoscopia biportal unilateral logran mejoría del dolor y de la funcionalidad, con menor daño de tejidos blandos y recuperación temprana. Sin embargo, no se identificó una técnica universalmente superior. La selección debe considerar las características anatómicas de la hernia, la experiencia del cirujano, la disponibilidad tecnológica y el riesgo de recurrencia. Se concluye que la cirugía mínimamente invasiva representa una alternativa eficaz, cuya implementación requiere indicaciones individualizadas y formación especializada.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jimmy Fabricio Achi Arteaga, Jimmy Fernando Yaguana Torres, Jorge Armando Rosero Feijoo, Laura Angelina Guamán Vera, Elis Arturo Vera Quinto (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
