Emerging Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Multiple Sclerosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/swdqp234Keywords:
Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Monitoring, Multiple sclerosis.Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease whose diagnosis and monitoring remain significant clinical challenges. This review aimed to analyze the available scientific evidence on emerging biomarkers used for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis, identifying their main clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines through searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The available evidence indicate that serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein are currently the most promising biomarkers for assessing neuroaxonal damage, inflammatory activity, and disease progression. In addition, kappa free light chains and omics-based technologies demonstrate increasing potential to improve precision diagnosis and patient stratification. It is concluded that integrating biological biomarkers with neuroimaging and artificial intelligence will support the implementation of precision medicine strategies and optimize individualized clinical management of patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nayely Micaela Yaguana Retete, Jimmy Fernando Yaguana Torres, Victor José Barrera Avendaño, George William Rodríguez Correa, Dana Milena Mosquera Calderón (Autor/a)
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