complementary feeding in the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia in children under 2 years of age

Abstract

Complementary feeding is implemented to meet nutritional requirements starting at six months of age. Caregivers who follow medical guidelines regarding complementary feeding help prevent deficiencies such as iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia is a condition caused by a lack of iron that affects a child's physical and cognitive development. The aim of this research is to analyze the importance of complementary feeding practices in preventing iron-deficiency anemia. A literature review of scientific articles in Spanish and English concerning complementary feeding and iron-deficiency anemia in infants was conducted, selecting relevant studies published between 2021 and 2026. Early consumption of iron-rich foods—such as meat, organ meats, and legumes—combined with sources of vitamin C (citrus fruits, peppers, tomatoes) significantly contributes to non-heme iron absorption, serving as a strategy to reduce cases of iron-deficiency anemia in this population group. Nutritional education for mothers and caregivers on how to incorporate these foods into a child's diet is crucial. Appropriate complementary feeding—specifically the strategy of combining iron-rich foods with vitamin C—proves decisive in preventing iron-deficiency anemia in children under two years of age. Furthermore, nutritional education for mothers and caregivers, combined with access to iron-rich foods, proved fundamental in preventing iron-deficiency anemia.